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Mahābhārata • Parva 5 (Udyogaparva) • Adhyāya 40

Udyogaparva Adhyāya 40

उद्योगपर्व • अध्यायः 40

Udyogaparva Adhyāya 40 of the classical Mahābhārata with 31 verses.

Total: 31 Verses • Citations: MBh 5.40.1–31 • 250 Lexicon Terms
योऽभ्यर्थितः सद्भिरसज्जमानः; करोत्यर्थं शक्तिमहापयित्वा । क्षिप्रं यशस्तं समुपैति सन्त;मलं प्रसन्ना हि सुखाय सन्तः ॥
English Translation
Vidura said The good man who, respected by the virtuous, is engaged in the attainment of his objects without going beyond his limits, soon gains fame, for good beings when gratified with a good man give him happiness.
महान्तमप्यर्थमधर्मयुक्तं; यः संत्यजत्यनुपाक्रुष्ट एव । सुखं स दुःखान्यवमुच्य शेते; जीर्णां त्वचं सर्प इवावमुच्य ॥
English Translation
He who forsakes, without any inducement, a grand object which is fraught with unrighteousness, lies in happiness free from misery like a snake casting off the worn out slough.
अनृतं च समुत्कर्षे राजगामि च पैशुनम् । गुरोश्चालीकनिर्बन्धः समानि ब्रह्महत्यया ॥
English Translation
A victory gained by untruth, a deceit that reaches (in its injurious effects) a king and the expression of false intentions before an elder na. are
असूयैकपदं मृत्युरतिवादः श्रियो वधः । अशुश्रूषा त्वरा श्लाघा विद्यायाः शत्रवस्त्रयः ॥
English Translation
A monopoly of jealously, death and vanity conduce to the destruction of prosperity. The want of proper attention to the elder, haste and boastfulness the three enemies of knowledge.
सुखार्थिनः कुतो विद्या नास्ति विद्यार्थिनः सुखम् । सुखार्थी वा त्यजेद्विद्यां विद्यार्थी वा सुखं त्यजेत् ॥
English Translation
These seven are ever the defects in those that are striving for knowledge, is my opinion; where is knowledge in those that care for pleasures and there is pleasure for those that care for knowledge. Knowledge should pronounce pleasure.
नाग्निस्तृप्यति काष्ठानां नापगानां महोदधिः । नान्तकः सर्वभूतानां न पुंसां वामलोचना ॥
English Translation
One who cares for pleasures should renounce knowledge; and one that cares for knowledge should renounce pleases. Fire is never satiated with fuel; the great ocean, with rivers; death, with all the creatures; and a pretty woman, with men.
आशा धृतिं हन्ति समृद्धिमन्तकः; क्रोधः श्रियं हन्ति यशः कदर्यता । अपालनं हन्ति पशूंश्च राज;न्नेकः क्रुद्धो ब्राह्मणो हन्ति राष्ट्रम् ॥
English Translation
Hope kills patience; death kills development; anger kills prosperity; miserliness kills fame; want of proper tending kills animals; and, O king, one single wrathful Brahmana destroys a kingdom,
अजश्च कांस्यं च रथश्च नित्यं; मध्वाकर्षः शकुनिः श्रोत्रियश्च । वृद्धो ज्ञातिरवसन्नो वयस्य; एतानि ते सन्तु गृहे सदैव ॥
English Translation
Goats, white metal, silver, honey, that which draws away (poison), birds, Brahmanas having a knowledge of the holy books, old cousins, persons of good birth but poor, let these ever stay in your house.
अजोक्षा चन्दनं वीणा आदर्शो मधुसर्पिषी । विषमौदुम्बरं शङ्खः स्वर्णं नाभिश्च रोचना ॥
English Translation
Goat, bull, sandal, flute, mirror, honey, clarified butter, iron, copper utensil, conchshells, pieces of stone (images of Vishnu) with gold within and Rochana (a pigment prepared from the urine and dung of cow).
गृहे स्थापयितव्यानि धन्यानि मनुरब्रवीत् । देवब्राह्मणपूजार्थमतिथीनां च भारत ॥
English Translation
Are always to be kept in a blessed houseManu has said-for the proper worship of the gods, the Brahmanas and guests, OBharata.
इदं च त्वां सर्वपरं ब्रवीमि; पुण्यं पदं तात महाविशिष्टम् । न जातु कामान्न भयान्न लोभा;द्धर्मं त्यजेज्जीवितस्यापि हेतोः ॥
English Translation
I now speak of another sacred lesson, O sire, superior in sacredness to all these, fraught with a large meaning. Virtue should not be forsaken out of desire, fear, temptation, nor for the sake of life itself.
नित्यो धर्मः सुखदुःखे त्वनित्ये; नित्यो जीवो धातुरस्य त्वनित्यः । त्यक्त्वानित्यं प्रतितिष्ठस्व नित्ये; संतुष्य त्वं तोषपरो हि लाभः ॥
English Translation
Virtue is stable; happiness and misery are unstable; life is stable but its ever recurring phases unstable; forsaking the unstable; keep yourself attached to the stable and be satisfied, for satisfaction is superior to all other acquirements.
महाबलान्पश्य महानुभावा;न्प्रशास्य भूमिं धनधान्यपूर्णाम् । राज्यानि हित्वा विपुलांश्च भोगा;न्गतान्नरेन्द्रान्वशमन्तकस्य ॥
English Translation
Behold rulers of men endued with great strength and great luster. After having ruled the land abouunding in wealth and corn, they have forsaken their kingdoms and great sources of enjoyments and have been subject to the God of death.
मृतं पुत्रं दुःखपुष्टं मनुष्या; उत्क्षिप्य राजन्स्वगृहान्निर्हरन्ति । तं मुक्तकेशाः करुणं रुदन्त;श्चितामध्ये काष्ठमिव क्षिपन्ति ॥
English Translation
Men after having taken away a dead son tended with greatest care, O king, set out from their own houses; and with the hair hanging loose they mourn for him piteously and then throw him into the funeral pyre like a piece of wood.
अन्यो धनं प्रेतगतस्य भुङ्क्ते; वयांसि चाग्निश्च शरीरधातून् । द्वाभ्यामयं सह गच्छत्यमुत्र; पुण्येन पापेन च वेष्ट्यमानः ॥
English Translation
The corn and wealth of the dead are enjoyed by others; and the elements of the body are eaten up by fire and birds. Surrounded by these two only, viz., virtue and sin, does a man go to the other world.
उत्सृज्य विनिवर्तन्ते ज्ञातयः सुहृदः सुताः । अग्नौ प्रास्तं तु पुरुषं कर्मान्वेति स्वयंकृतम् ॥
English Translation
After leaving behind the body, do the cousins, friends and sons return as birds do trees devoid of blossoms and fruits.
अस्माल्लोकादूर्ध्वममुष्य चाधो; महत्तमस्तिष्ठति ह्यन्धकारम् । तद्वै महामोहनमिन्द्रियाणां; बुध्यस्व मा त्वां प्रलभेत राजन् ॥
English Translation
Elsewhere, above this world and also below, there is the greatest darkness. In these regions, know, O king, that the senses are totally stupefied; may such places be not yours.
इदं वचः शक्ष्यसि चेद्यथाव;न्निशम्य सर्वं प्रतिपत्तुमेवम् । यशः परं प्राप्स्यसि जीवलोके; भयं न चामुत्र न चेह तेऽस्ति ॥
English Translation
After listening to these world of mine, if you can follow them in their entirely, you will get great fame in this world of living beings and you will never meet with fear here in this world or elsewhere.
आत्मा नदी भारत पुण्यतीर्था; सत्योदका धृतिकूला दमोर्मिः । तस्यां स्नातः पूयते पुण्यकर्मा; पुण्यो ह्यात्मा नित्यमम्भोऽम्भ एव ॥
English Translation
The soul is as the river, O Bharata, having several holy spots; truth is as its waters; selfcontrol, its banks; and kindness, its waves; the man of virtuous acts purifies himself be a bath therein; the soul is pure and the absence of desire is a virtue.
कामक्रोधग्राहवतीं पञ्चेन्द्रियजलां नदीम् । कृत्वा धृतिमयीं नावं जन्मदुर्गाणि संतर ॥
English Translation
Making a boat of your self-control in the river (of life which has the five senses for its water and desire and anger its monsters, cross over (i.e. get rid of) the waves of repeated births.
प्रज्ञावृद्धं धर्मवृद्धं स्वबन्धुं; विद्यावृद्धं वयसा चापि वृद्धम् । कार्याकार्ये पूजयित्वा प्रसाद्य; यः संपृच्छेन्न स मुह्येत्कदाचित् ॥
English Translation
He who after doing due honours to such of his friends as are old in wisdom, old in virtue, old in knowledge and old in age asks them regarding what ought to be done and what ought not to be done is seldom deceived.
धृत्या शिश्नोदरं रक्षेत्पाणिपादं च चक्षुषा । चक्षुःश्रोत्रे च मनसा मनो वाचं च कर्मणा ॥
English Translation
By patience should lust and greediness be restrained; by the ages should the hands and feet be controlled, the eyes and ears by the mind; and the mind and speech by one's actions.
नित्योदकी नित्ययज्ञोपवीती; नित्यस्वाध्यायी पतितान्नवर्जी । ऋतं ब्रुवन्गुरवे कर्म कुर्व;न्न ब्राह्मणश्च्यवते ब्रह्मलोकात् ॥
English Translation
The Brahmana, ever attached to the performance of his ablutions, ever having the holy thread on his body, ever studying (the Vedas), who avoids food touched or offered by a person who has lost his caste, who always speaks the truth and fulfills his duties towards his elders, never falls down from the region of Brahma.
अधीत्य वेदान्परिसंस्तीर्य चाग्नी;निष्ट्वा यज्ञैः पालयित्वा प्रजाश्च । गोब्राह्मणार्थे शस्त्रपूतान्तरात्मा; हतः संग्रामे क्षत्रियः स्वर्गमेति ॥
English Translation
After having studied the Vedas, poured offerings fire, performed sacrificial ceremonies, protected subjects, made his inner self blessed by drawing his weapons for the protection of cows and Brahmanas and being killed in battle, a Kshatriya goes to heaven.
वैश्योऽधीत्य ब्राह्मणान्क्षत्रियांश्च; धनैः काले संविभज्याश्रितांश्च । त्रेतापूतं धूममाघ्राय पुण्यं; प्रेत्य स्वर्गे देवसुखानि भुङ्क्ते ॥
English Translation
A Shudra, after worshipping in due order Brahmanas, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas; and a Vaishya, having completed his study and on distributed his wealth among Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and among his dependents and after having smelt the sacred smokes purified by the three sorts of fire, enjoy heavenly bliss after death.
ब्रह्मक्षत्रं वैश्यवर्णं च शूद्रः; क्रमेणैतान्न्यायतः पूजयानः । तुष्टेष्वेतेष्वव्यथो दग्धपाप;स्त्यक्त्वा देहं स्वर्गसुखानि भुङ्क्ते ॥
English Translation
These having been satisfied, they become devoid of sins by burning them and casting off their body enjoy heavenly bliss.
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यैष धर्मस्तवोक्तो; हेतुं चात्र ब्रुवतो मे निबोध । क्षात्राद्धर्माद्धीयते पाण्डुपुत्र;स्तं त्वं राजन्राजधर्मे नियुङ्क्ष्व ॥
English Translation
Such are the duties of the four orders told to you. Listen to the reason of my describing them. The son of Pandu (Yudhishthira) is falling from the duties of a Kshatriya; O king, you place him in a position to discharge the duties of a king.
एवमेतद्यथा मां त्वमनुशाससि नित्यदा । ममापि च मतिः सौम्य भवत्येवं यथात्थ माम् ॥
English Translation
Dhritarashtra said It is even as you have been instructing me constantly; my inclination, too, turns towards peace, of which you speak to me.
सा तु बुद्धिः कृताप्येवं पाण्डवान्प्रति मे सदा । दुर्योधनं समासाद्य पुनर्विपरिवर्तते ॥
English Translation
My inclination through made to turn towards the Pandavas constantly turns away in a contrary; direction by coming in contact with Duryodhana.
न दिष्टमभ्यतिक्रान्तुं शक्यं मर्त्येन केनचित् । दिष्टमेव कृतं मन्ये पौरुषं तु निरर्थकम् ॥
English Translation
Destiny cannot be transgressed by any created beings. I consider that destiny alone is certain; human exertion is vain.
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