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Mahābhārata • Parva 13 (Anuśāsanaparva) • Adhyāya 49

Anuśāsanaparva Adhyāya 49

अनुशासनपर्व • अध्यायः 49

Anuśāsanaparva Adhyāya 49 of the classical Mahābhārata with 29 verses.

Total: 29 Verses • Citations: MBh 13.49.1–29 • 250 Lexicon Terms
ब्रूहि पुत्रान्कुरुश्रेष्ठ वर्णानां त्वं पृथक्पृथक् । कीदृश्यां कीदृशाश्चापि पुत्राः कस्य च के च ते ॥
English Translation
Yudhishthira said Describe to us, O sire, the orders and classes separately, what kind of son is begotten on what women, who is entitled to have whom for sons, and what kinds of sons are there.
विप्रवादाः सुबहुशः श्रूयन्ते पुत्रकारिताः । अत्र नो मुह्यतां राजन्संशयं छेत्तुमर्हसि ॥
English Translation
It is known that disputes frequently take place about sons. You should, O king, remove the doubts of our mind. Indeed, we are stupefied about this subject.
आत्मा पुत्रस्तु विज्ञेयस्तस्यानन्तरजश्च यः । नियुक्तजश्च विज्ञेयः सुतः प्रसृतजस्तथा ॥
English Translation
Bhishma said One's own begotten son considered as his own self. The son that is begotten upon one's wife by a person whom he has invited for it, if called Niruktaja. The son that is begotten upon one's wife by somebody without his permission, is Prasritaja.
पतितस्य च भार्यायां भर्त्रा सुसमवेतया । तथा दत्तकृतौ पुत्रावध्यूढश्च तथापरः ॥
English Translation
The son begotten upon his own wife by a person degraded from his positions is called Patitaja. There are two other, sons, viz., the son given, and the son made. There is another called Adhyuda.
षडपध्वंसजाश्चापि कानीनापसदास्तथा । इत्येते ते समाख्यातास्तान्विजानीहि भारत ॥
English Translation
The son born of a maiden in her father's house is called Kanina. Besides these, there are six kinds of sons called Apadhwansaja and six others that are called Apasadas. These are the several kind of sons mentioned in the scriptures, know, O Bharata. are
षडपध्वंसजाः के स्युः के वाप्यपसदास्तथा । एतत्सर्वं यथातत्त्वं व्याख्यातुं मे त्वमर्हसि ॥
English Translation
Yudhishthira said Who the six that are called Apadhvansaja? Who also are the Apasadas? You should fully explain all this to me.
त्रिषु वर्णेषु ये पुत्रा ब्राह्मणस्य युधिष्ठिर । वर्णयोश्च द्वयोः स्यातां यौ राजन्यस्य भारत ॥
English Translation
Bhishma said The sons that a Brahmana begets upon wives taken from the three inferior castes, those begotten by a Kshatriya upon wives taken from the two castes inferior to his own, O Bharata, and the sons that a Vaishya begets upon a wife taken from the one caste that is inferior to his,-are all called Apadhvansas. ! They are, as thus explained, of six kinds. Listen now to me as I tell you who the Apasadas are.
एको द्विवर्ण एवाथ तथात्रैवोपलक्षितः । षडपध्वंसजास्ते हि तथैवापसदाञ्शृणु ॥
चण्डालो व्रात्यवेनौ च ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियासु च । वैश्यायां चैव शूद्रस्य लक्ष्यन्तेऽपसदास्त्रयः ॥
English Translation
The son that a Shudra begets upon a Brahmani woman is called a Chandala. Begotten upon a Kshatriya woman by a person of the Shudra order, the son is called a Vratye.। He who is born of a Vaishya woman by a Shudra father is called a Vaidya. These three kinds of sons are called Apasada.
मागधो वामकश्चैव द्वौ वैश्यस्योपलक्षितौ । ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियायां च क्षत्रियस्यैक एव तु ॥
English Translation
The Vaishya, by knowing a woman of the Brahmana order, begets a son that is called a Magadha, while the son that he begets upon a Kshatriya woman is called a Vamaka, The। Kshatriya can beget but one kind of son of upon a woman of a superior caste.
ब्राह्मण्यां लक्ष्यते सूत इत्येतेऽपसदाः स्मृताः । पुत्ररेतो न शक्यं हि मिथ्या कर्तुं नराधिप ॥
English Translation
Indeed, the son begotten by a Kshatriya upon a Brahmana woman, is called a Suta. These three also are called Apasadas. It cannot be said, O king, that these six kinds of sons are no sons.
क्षेत्रजं केचिदेवाहुः सुतं केचित्तु शुक्रजम् । तुल्यावेतौ सुतौ कस्य तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥
English Translation
Yudhishthira said Some say that one's son is he, who is born in his soil. Some, on the other hand, say that one's son is he who has been begotten from his seed. Are both these kinds of sons equal? Whose, again, is the son to be? Do you tell me, this, O grandfather.
रेतजो वा भवेत्पुत्रस्त्यक्तो वा क्षेत्रजो भवेत् । अध्यूढः समयं भित्त्वेत्येतदेव निबोध मे ॥
English Translation
Bhishma said His is the son from whose seed he has sprung. If, however, the owner of the seed discards the son born of it, such son then becomes his upon whose wife he has been begotten. The same rule applies to the son called Adhyuda. He belongs to the person from whose seed he has sprung. If, however, the owner of the seed forsakes him, he becomes the son of the husband of his mother. Know this is what the law declares.
रेतोजं विद्म वै पुत्रं क्षेत्रजस्यागमः कथम् । अध्यूढं विद्म वै पुत्रं हित्वा च समयं कथम् ॥
English Translation
Yudhishthira said We know that the son becomes his from whose seed he has taken birth. Whence does the husband of the woman who gives birth to the son derive his right to the latter? Likewise the son called Adhyuda should be known to be the son of him from whose seed he has sprung. How can they be the sons of others on account of the engagement about owning and rearing them having been broken?
आत्मजं पुत्रमुत्पाद्य यस्त्यजेत्कारणान्तरे । न तत्र कारणं रेतः स क्षेत्रस्वामिनो भवेत् ॥
English Translation
Bhishma said Fie who, having begotten a son of his own loins: forsakes him for some reason or other, cannot be considered as the father of such son, for vital seed only cannot create sonship. Such son must be held to belong to the person who is the master of the soil.
पुत्रकामो हि पुत्रार्थे यां वृणीते विशां पते । तत्र क्षेत्रं प्रमाणं स्यान्न वै तत्रात्मजः सुतः ॥
English Translation
When a man, desiring to have a son, marries a girl quick with child, the son born of his wife must belong to him, for it is the fruit of his own soil. The person from whose vital seed the son has sprung, can have no right to such son.
अन्यत्र क्षेत्रजः पुत्रो लक्ष्यते भरतर्षभ । न ह्यात्मा शक्यते हन्तुं दृष्टान्तोपगतो ह्यसौ ॥
English Translation
The son who is born in one's soil but not begotten by the owner, O chief of Bharata's race, bears all the marks of the father that has actually begotten him. The son thus born is incapable of concealing the evidences of physiognomy. He is at He is at once known by eyesight.
कश्चिच्च कृतकः पुत्रः संग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते । न तत्र रेतः क्षेत्रं वा प्रमाणं स्याद्युधिष्ठिर ॥
English Translation
As regards the son made, he is sometimes considered as the child of the person who has made him a son and who brings him up. In his case, neither the vital seed of which he has been born nor the soil in which he has been born, becomes the cause of sonship.
कीदृशः कृतकः पुत्रः संग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते । शुक्रं क्षेत्रं प्रमाणं वा यत्र लक्ष्येत भारत ॥
English Translation
As regards the son made, he is sometimes considered as the child of the person who has made him a son and who brings him up. In his case, neither the vital seed of which he has been born nor the soil in which he has been born, becomes the cause of sonship.
मातापितृभ्यां संत्यक्तं पथि यं तु प्रलक्षयेत् । न चास्य मातापितरौ ज्ञायेते स हि कृत्रिमः ॥
English Translation
Bhishnia said When one takes up and rears a son who has been cast off on the road by his father and mother, and when the person thus taking and rearing him cannot find out his parents after search, he becomes the father of such son and the latter becomes what is called his made son.
अस्वामिकस्य स्वामित्वं यस्मिन्संप्रतिलक्षयेत् । सवर्णस्तं च पोषेत सवर्णस्तस्य जायते ॥
English Translation
Not having anybody to own him, he becomes his who rcars hiin. Such son, again, comes to be considered as belonging to that castes to which his owner or rearer belongs.
कथमस्य प्रयोक्तव्यः संस्कारः कस्य वा कथम् । देया कन्या कथं चेति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥
English Translation
Yudhishthira said How should the purifactory rites of such a person be performed? In whose case that sort of rites are to be performed? With what girl should he be married? Tell me all this, O grandfather.
आत्मवत्तस्य कुर्वीत संस्कारं स्वामिवत्तथा ॥
त्यक्तो मातापितृभ्यां यः सवर्णं प्रतिपद्यते । तद्गोत्रवर्णतस्तस्य कुर्यात्संस्कारमच्युत ॥
अथ देया तु कन्या स्यात्तद्वर्णेन युधिष्ठिर । संस्कर्तुं मातृगोत्रं च मातृवर्णविनिश्चये ॥
कानीनाध्यूढजौ चापि विज्ञेयौ पुत्रकिल्बिषौ । तावपि स्वाविव सुतौ संस्कार्याविति निश्चयः ॥
क्षेत्रजो वाप्यपसदो येऽध्यूढास्तेषु चाप्यथ । आत्मवद्वै प्रयुञ्जीरन्संस्कारं ब्राह्मणादयः ॥
धर्मशास्त्रेषु वर्णानां निश्चयोऽयं प्रदृश्यते । एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥
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