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Mahābhārata • Parva 12 (Śāntiparva) • Adhyāya 121

Śāntiparva Adhyāya 121

शान्तिपर्व • अध्यायः 121

Śāntiparva Adhyāya 121 of the classical Mahābhārata with 58 verses.

Total: 58 Verses • Citations: MBh 12.121.1–58 • 250 Lexicon Terms • Page 2 of 2 (Verses 28 shown)
तीक्ष्णता मृदुता मृत्युरागमानागमौ तथा । विराद्धिश्चैव राद्धिश्च कार्याकार्ये बलाबले ॥
असूया चानसूया च धर्माधर्मौ तथैव च । अपत्रपानपत्रपे ह्रीश्च संपद्विपच्च ह ॥
तेजः कर्मणि पाण्डित्यं वाक्शक्तिस्तत्त्वबुद्धिता । एवं दण्डस्य कौरव्य लोकेऽस्मिन्बहुरूपता ॥
न स्याद्यदीह दण्डो वै प्रमथेयुः परस्परम् । भयाद्दण्डस्य चान्योन्यं घ्नन्ति नैव युधिष्ठिर ॥
English Translation
If punishment had not existed, all creatures would have struck one another. Through fear of punishment, O Yudhishthira, living creatures do not kill one another.
दण्डेन रक्ष्यमाणा हि राजन्नहरहः प्रजाः । राजानं वर्धयन्तीह तस्माद्दण्डः परायणम् ॥
English Translation
O king, always protected by punishment, the subjects, increase the might of their ruler. It is for this that punishment is regarded as the highest refuge of all.
व्यवस्थापयति क्षिप्रमिमं लोकं नरेश्वर । सत्ये व्यवस्थितो धर्मो ब्राह्मणेष्ववतिष्ठते ॥
English Translation
Punishment, o king, quickly sets the world on the path of righteousness. Depend upon truth, righteousness exits in Brahmanas.
धर्मयुक्ता द्विजाः श्रेष्ठा वेदयुक्ता भवन्ति च । बभूव यज्ञो वेदेभ्यो यज्ञः प्रीणाति देवताः ॥
English Translation
Filled with righteousness, leading Brahmanas take to the study of the Vedas. From the Vedas the sacrifices originate. Sacrifices please the gods.
प्रीताश्च देवता नित्यमिन्द्रे परिददत्युत । अन्नं ददाति शक्रश्चाप्यनुगृह्णन्निमाः प्रजाः ॥
English Translation
The gods being gratified, commend the dwellers of the Earth to Indra. For benefiting the inhabitants of the Earth, Indra gives them food.
प्राणाश्च सर्वभूतानां नित्यमन्ने प्रतिष्ठिताः । तस्मात्प्रजाः प्रतिष्ठन्ते दण्डो जागर्ति तासु च ॥
English Translation
The life of all creatures depends upon food. From food creatures derive their support and growth. Punishment in the shape of king remains wakeful amongst them.
एवंप्रयोजनश्चैव दण्डः क्षत्रियतां गतः । रक्षन्प्रजाः प्रजागर्ति नित्यं सुविहितोऽक्षरः ॥
English Translation
For serving this object, punishment assumes the form of a Kshatriya among men. Protecting men he remains awake, always careful and never decaying.
ईश्वरः पुरुषः प्राणः सत्त्वं वित्तं प्रजापतिः । भूतात्मा जीव इत्येव नामभिः प्रोच्यतेऽष्टभिः ॥
English Translation
Punishment has again these other eight names, viz., God, Men, Life, Power, Heart, the Lord of all creatures, the Soul of all things, and the Living creature.
अददद्दण्ड एवास्मै ध्रुवमैश्वर्यमेव च । बले नयश्च संयुक्तः सदा पञ्चविधात्मकः ॥
English Translation
God gave both prosperity and the rod of punishment to the king who is possessed of strength and who is a combination of five expedients.
कुलबाहुधनामात्याः प्रज्ञा चोक्ता बलानि च । आहार्यं चाष्टकैर्द्रव्यैर्बलमन्यद्युधिष्ठिर ॥
English Translation
Nobility of blood, rich ministers, knowledge, the various kinds of forces with the eight objects mentioned below, and the other forces, should be sought for by the king, o Yudhishthira.
हस्तिनोऽश्वा रथाः पत्तिर्नावो विष्टिस्तथैव च । दैशिकाश्चारकाश्चैव तदष्टाङ्गं बलं स्मृतम् ॥
English Translation
a Those eight objects are elephants, horses, cars, infantry, boats, impressed labourers, increase of population, and cattle such as sheep, etc.
अष्टाङ्गस्य तु युक्तस्य हस्तिनो हस्तियायिनः । अश्वारोहाः पदाताश्च मन्त्रिणो रसदाश्च ये ॥
English Translation
Well-armed soldiers car-warriors, elephantwarriors, cavalry, infantry officers and surgeons form the limbs.
भिक्षुकाः प्राड्विवाकाश्च मौहूर्ता दैवचिन्तकाः । कोशो मित्राणि धान्यं च सर्वोपकरणानि च ॥
English Translation
Beggars, principal judges, judges, astrologers, performers of propitiatory and Atharvan rites, treasury, allies, grain, and all other requisites, form the body, composed of seven attributes and eight limbs, of a kingdom. Punishment is another powerful limb of kingdom. Punishment is the creator of a kingdom.
सप्तप्रकृति चाष्टाङ्गं शरीरमिह यद्विदुः । राज्यस्य दण्ड एवाङ्गं दण्डः प्रभव एव च ॥
English Translation
Beggars, principal judges, judges, astrologers, performers of propitiatory and Atharvan rites, treasury, allies, grain, and all other requisites, form the body, composed of seven attributes and eight limbs, of a kingdom. Punishment is another powerful limb of kingdom. Punishment is the creator of a kingdom.
ईश्वरेण प्रयत्नेन धारणे क्षत्रियस्य हि । दण्डो दत्तः समानात्मा दण्डो हीदं सनातनम् । राज्ञां पूज्यतमो नान्यो यथाधर्मप्रदर्शनः ॥
English Translation
God himself has, with great care, sent Punishment for the use of the Kshatriya. This eternal universe is impartial Punishment's self.
ब्रह्मणा लोकरक्षार्थं स्वधर्मस्थापनाय च । भर्तृप्रत्यय उत्पन्नो व्यवहारस्तथापरः । तस्माद्यः सहितो दृष्टो भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः ॥
English Translation
There is another kind of Vyavahara (Law) originating from the disputes of litigants which also has sprung from Brahman. Principally marked by a belief in either of the two parties, that Vyavahara, (Law) yields great good.
व्यवहारस्तु वेदात्मा वेदप्रत्यय उच्यते । मौलश्च नरशार्दूल शास्त्रोक्तश्च तथापरः ॥
English Translation
There is another kind of Vyavahara which has the Veda for its soul. It also originates from the Veda. There is, O foremost of kings, a third kind of Vyavahara (Law) which is connected with family customs but which is quite of a piece with the scriptures.
उक्तो यश्चापि दण्डोऽसौ भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः । ज्ञेयो न स नरेन्द्रस्थो दण्डप्रत्यय एव च ॥
English Translation
That Vyavahara (Law) which has, as above, been said to be marked by a belief in either of two litigant parties, should be known by us as being inherent in the king. It should be also known by the name of Punishment, as also by the name of Evidence.
दण्डप्रत्ययदृष्टोऽपि व्यवहारात्मकः स्मृतः । व्यवहारः स्मृतो यश्च स वेदविषयात्मकः ॥
English Translation
Although Punishment is regulated by Evidence, yet it depends upon Law. Vyavahara (law) is really based upon Vedic precepts.
यश्च वेदप्रसूतात्मा स धर्मो गुणदर्शकः । धर्मप्रत्यय उत्पन्नो यथाधर्मः कृतात्मभिः ॥
English Translation
That Vyavahara (Law), which originates from the Vedas, is Morality or duty. It yields good to persons believing in duty and morality; men of purified souls have spoken of that Vyavahara (Law) as they have done of ordinary law.
व्यवहारः प्रजागोप्ता ब्रह्मदिष्टो युधिष्ठिर । त्रीन्धारयति लोकान्वै सत्यात्मा भूतिवर्धनः ॥
English Translation
The third kind of Vyavahara is also a protector of men, and it also originates from the Veda, O Yudhishthira! It keeps up the three worlds. It has Truth for its soul and yields prosperity.
यश्च दण्डः स दृष्टो नो व्यवहारः सनातनः । व्यवहारश्च यो दृष्टः स धर्म इति नः श्रुतः । यश्च वेदः स वै धर्मो यश्च धर्मः स सत्पथः ॥
English Translation
That which is punishment is eternal Vyavahara. That which has been said to be Vyavahara is really the Veda.
ब्रह्मा प्रजापतिः पूर्वं बभूवाथ पितामहः । लोकानां स हि सर्वेषां ससुरासुररक्षसाम् । समनुष्योरगवतां कर्ता चैव स भूतकृत् ॥
English Translation
Brahman is the Creator of the entire universe with the gods and Asuras and Rakshasas and human beings and snakes, and of every other things.
ततो नो व्यवहारोऽयं भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः । तस्मादिदमवोचाम व्यवहारनिदर्शनम् ॥
English Translation
Hence that law which is characterised by a belief in either of two litigant parties has also originated from him. Therefore, he has laid down the following regarding Vyavahara.
माता पिता च भ्राता च भार्या चाथ पुरोहितः । नादण्ड्यो विद्यते राज्ञां यः स्वधर्मे न तिष्ठति ॥
English Translation
Neither mother, nor father, nor brother, nor wife, nor priest, is unpunishable with that king who governs agreeable to his duty.'
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