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Mahābhārata • Parva 12 (Śāntiparva) • Adhyāya 239

Śāntiparva Adhyāya 239

शान्तिपर्व • अध्यायः 239

Śāntiparva Adhyāya 239 of the classical Mahābhārata with 26 verses.

Total: 26 Verses • Citations: MBh 12.239.1–26 • 250 Lexicon Terms
अध्यात्मं विस्तरेणेह पुनरेव वदस्व मे । यदध्यात्मं यथा चेदं भगवन्नृषिसत्तम ॥
English Translation
Shuka said O illustrious one, O foremost of Rishis, once again describe to me fully the subject bearing on soul. Tell me what, in deed, is spiritual topic and whence does it come?
अध्यात्मं यदिदं तात पुरुषस्येह विद्यते । तत्तेऽहं संप्रवक्ष्यामि तस्य व्याख्यामिमां शृणु ॥
English Translation
Vyasa said That, O son, which is considered as spiritual with reference to human beings, I shall now mention to you, and listen to the explanation I give.
भूमिरापस्तथा ज्योतिर्वायुराकाशमेव च । महाभूतानि भूतानां सागरस्योर्मयो यथा ॥
English Translation
Earth, water, light, wind, and entities are the great principles which form the component parts of all creatures, and though really one are yet considered different like the waves of the Ocean.
प्रसार्येह यथाङ्गानि कूर्मः संहरते पुनः । तद्वन्महान्ति भूतानि यवीयःसु विकुर्वते ॥
English Translation
Like a tortoise extending out its limbs and withdrawing then again, the great elements, by living in innumerable small forms, go through transformations.
इति तन्मयमेवेदं सर्वं स्थावरजङ्गमम् । सर्गे च प्रलये चैव तस्मान्निर्दिश्यते तथा ॥
English Translation
All this universe of mobile and immobile objects has for its component parts these five elements. Everything, regarding creation and destruction, is referable to this fivefold elements.
महाभूतानि पञ्चैव सर्वभूतेषु भूतकृत् । अकरोत्तात वैषम्यं यस्मिन्यदनुपश्यति ॥
English Translation
These five elements are in all existent things. The Creator of all things, however, has made an unequal distribution of those elements for serving different ends.
अकरोद्यच्छरीरेषु कथं तदुपलक्षयेत् । इन्द्रियाणि गुणाः केचित्कथं तानुपलक्षयेत् ॥
English Translation
How can one understand that unequal distribution in the various objects of the universe? Which amongst them are the senses and which the attributes? How may this be understood?
एतत्ते वर्तयिष्यामि यथावदिह दर्शनम् । शृणु तत्त्वमिहैकाग्रो यथातत्त्वं यथा च तत् ॥
English Translation
Vyasa said I shall explain this to you properly, one after another. Listen with rapt attention to the subject as I explain how what I have said actually takes place.
शब्दः श्रोत्रं तथा खानि त्रयमाकाशसंभवम् । प्राणश्चेष्टा तथा स्पर्श एते वायुगुणास्त्रयः ॥
English Translation
Sound, the sense of hearing, and all the cavities within the body,-these three Originate-from ether. The vital airs, the action of the limbs, and touch are the attributes of the wind.
रूपं चक्षुर्विपाकश्च त्रिधा ज्योतिर्विधीयते । रसोऽथ रसनं स्नेहो गुणास्त्वेते त्रयोऽम्भसाम् ॥
English Translation
From eyes and the digestive fire within the stomach, originate from light. Taste, tongue, and all the humours,—these three originate from water.
घ्रेयं घ्राणं शरीरं च भूमेरेते गुणास्त्रयः । एतावानिन्द्रियग्रामो व्याख्यातः पाञ्चभौतिकः ॥
English Translation
Scent, nose, and the body,-these three,-form the attributes of earth. These then, as I have explained to you, are the changes of the five (great) elements in connection with the senses.
वायोः स्पर्शो रसोऽद्भ्यश्च ज्योतिषो रूपमुच्यते । आकाशप्रभवः शब्दो गन्धो भूमिगुणः स्मृतः ॥
English Translation
Touch is said to be attribute of the wind; taste of water; form of light. Sound originate from ether, and scent is the property of earth.
मनो बुद्धिश्च भावश्च त्रय एतेऽऽत्मयोनिजाः । न गुणानतिवर्तन्ते गुणेभ्यः परमा मताः ॥
English Translation
Mind, Understanding, and Nature,—these three, originate from their own previous states, and acquiring a position higher than the attributes, do not get over those attributes.
इन्द्रियाणि नरे पञ्च षष्ठं तु मन उच्यते । सप्तमीं बुद्धिमेवाहुः क्षेत्रज्ञं पुनरष्टमम् ॥
English Translation
There are five senses in man. The mind is called the sixth. The Understanding is called the seventh. The Soul is the eighth.
चक्षुरालोचनायैव संशयं कुरुते मनः । बुद्धिरध्यवसानाय साक्षी क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते ॥
English Translation
The eyes and the other senses are for only receiving impressions of form, etc. The mind exists for doubting. The Understanding determines those doubts. The Soul is said to only see every work without mingling with them.
रजस्तमश्च सत्त्वं च त्रय एते स्वयोनिजाः । समाः सर्वेषु भूतेषु तद्गुणेषूपलक्षयेत् ॥
English Translation
The qualities of goodness, darkness and ignorance originate from their counterparts. These exist equally in all creatures. These are called qualities and should be known by the actions they produce.
यथा कूर्म इहाङ्गानि प्रसार्य विनियच्छति । एवमेवेन्द्रियग्रामं बुद्धिः सृष्ट्वा नियच्छति ॥
English Translation
As the tortoise extends its limbs and withdraws them once again within itself, so the Understanding creates the senses and once again withdraws them into itself. The consciousness of ego which arises about what is above the soles of the feet and below the crown of the head, is mainly due to the action of the Understanding.
यदूर्ध्वं पादतलयोरवाङ्मूर्ध्नश्च पश्यति । एतस्मिन्नेव कृत्ये वै वर्तते बुद्धिरुत्तमा ॥
गुणान्नेनीयते बुद्धिर्बुद्धिरेवेन्द्रियाण्यपि । मनःषष्ठानि सर्वाणि बुद्ध्यभावे कुतो गुणाः ॥
English Translation
It is the Understanding which is transformed into the (five) attributes. It is the Understanding also which is transformed into the (five) senses with the mind for the sixth. Where the attributes when the Understanding is nowhere? are Own
तत्र यत्प्रीतिसंयुक्तं किंचिदात्मनि लक्षयेत् । प्रशान्तमिव संशुद्धं सत्त्वं तदुपधारयेत् ॥
English Translation
Regarding those actions, all such states of cheerfulness or joy, of tranquillity and purity which one becomes conscious of in one self, should be known as due to the quality of goodness.
यत्तु संतापसंयुक्तं काये मनसि वा भवेत् । रजः प्रवर्तकं तत्स्यात्सततं हारि देहिनाम् ॥
English Translation
All such states of sorrow in either the body or the mind, should be considered as due to the influence of the quality of darkness.
यत्तु संमोहसंयुक्तमव्यक्तविषयं भवेत् । अप्रतर्क्यमविज्ञेयं तमस्तदुपधार्यताम् ॥
English Translation
All such states of stupefaction whose cause cannot be deterinined (by either reason or inward light), should be known as due to the action of Ignorance.
प्रहर्षः प्रीतिरानन्दः साम्यं स्वस्थात्मचित्तता । अकस्माद्यदि वा कस्माद्वर्तते सात्त्विको गुणः ॥
English Translation
Delight, cheerfulness, joy, equanimity, contentment of heart, due to any known cause or originating otherwise, are all effects of the quality of goodness.
अभिमानो मृषावादो लोभो मोहस्तथाक्षमा । लिङ्गानि रजसस्तानि वर्तन्ते हेत्वहेतुतः ॥
English Translation
Pride, false speech, cupidity, stupefaction, vindictiveness, whether originating from any known cause or otherwise, are characteristics of the quality of darkness.
तथा मोहः प्रमादश्च तन्द्री निद्राप्रबोधिता । कथंचिदभिवर्तन्ते विज्ञेयास्तामसा गुणाः ॥
English Translation
Stupefaction of judgement, carelessness, sleep, lethargy, and indolence, from whatever cause these may originate, are to be regarded as the characteristics of the quality of Ignorance.
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