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Rakesh Das
Contributing Scholar Sanskrit

Dr Rakesh Das

Associate Professor · Sanskrit and Philosophy
Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (Kolkata, West Bengal, IN)
PID: PV-2026-1610
Facebook YouTube Website rakdas@gmail.com
Peer-Reviewed Articles
2
PIJCACE Journal
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0
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Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles (PIJCACE)

2 articles
Aesthetics and Art Philosophy Open Access
Jun 05, 2026

Śrī Caitanya Deva as a Connoisseur of Sāhitya Śāstra: A Critical Study of the Pañcadoṣa and Pañcālaṅkāra in Keśava Bhaṭṭa's Verse

Authors: Dr. Rakesh Das; Prolay Nandi , Prolay Nandi · PIJCACE Vol. 2, No. 1

Śrī Caitanya Deva, revered in Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava tradition as the combined manifestation of Śrī Kṛṣṇa and Śrī Rādhā, is widely recognized for his philosophical contributions and devotional movement. This article highlights a less-explored dimension of his genius–his profound mastery of Sāhitya Śāstra (literary theory and poetics)–through a critical examination of his scholarly encounter with the Kashmirian digvijayī scholar Keśava Bhaṭṭa, as detailed in Śrī Caitanya Caritāmṛta and Caitanya Bhāgavata. During their meeting on the banks of the Gaṅgā, Keśava Bhaṭṭa, renowned for his extemporaneous composition (ghaṭikāśataka), composed one hundred verses glorifying the Gaṅgā. Caitanya selected one verse in the Śikharinī metre and subjected it to a masterful critique based on the principles of Alaṅkāraśāstra. He identified five poetic defects (pañcadoṣa)–two instances of avimṛṣṭavidheyāṃśa, viruddhamatikṛt, bhagnakrama, and punarātta–and five literary ornaments (pañcālaṅkāra): anuprāsa (alliteration), punaruktavadābhāsa, upamā (simile), virodhābhāsa (semblance of contradiction), and anumāna (inference). The article provides detailed definitions and textual analysis of each doṣa and alaṅkāra, drawing from authoritative texts like Sāhityadarpaṇa and Alaṅkārakaustubha. It demonstrates how Caitanya’s analysis reveals both the aesthetic strengths and compositional flaws of the verse, underscoring the primacy of doṣa-guṇa vicāra (critical evaluation of defects and merits) in poetic composition. This episode not only affirms Caitanya’s extraordinary erudition in Sanskrit poetics alongside grammar and philosophy but also exemplifies his humility and spiritual magnetism, which ultimately led to Keśava Bhaṭṭa’s surrender. The study thus illuminates Caitanya’s multifaceted brilliance as a consummate connoisseur of Sāhitya Śāstra.

DOI: 10.63752/pijcace.0201S01
Aesthetics and Art Philosophy Open Access
Mar 07, 2026

Sādhāraṇīkaraṇa : Underlying Process for Experiencing Rasa

Authors: Dr Rakesh Das , Prolay Nandi , Prolay Nandi · PIJCACE Vol. 1, No. 2

This article examines the concept of sādhāraṇīkaraṇa (generalization) as the indispensable condition for the experience of rasa in classical Indian poetics. While rasa is traditionally regarded as the soul of poetry, its realization requires the dissolution of specific spatial, temporal, and personal associations embedded in poetic elements such as vibhāva, anubhāva, vyabhicāribhāva, and sthāyibhāva. Through the process of generalization, these elements are freed from worldly limitations, allowing the sahṛdaya to experience emotions in a purified, universalized form. The study further argues that sādhāraṇīkaraṇa operates through a distinctive mode of aesthetic cognition that cannot be reduced to ordinary forms of knowledge such as illusion, doubt, or resemblance. By temporarily transcending self–other distinctions and worldly dualities, aesthetic experience approaches a Vedāntic state of non-duality and bliss. Thus, sādhāraṇīkaraṇa is shown to function not merely as a poetic mechanism but as a bridge between aesthetic enjoyment and metaphysical insight.

DOI: 10.63752/pijcace.0102W02

আনুপূর্বী সাহিত্য সম্ভার (Anupurvi Publications)

1 piece
নিবন্ধ মুক্ত সাহিত্য
14 min read · Sep 10, 2026

বাংলায় সাম্প্রদায়িক রাজনীতির সেকাল একাল

আধুনিক বাংলার রাজনৈতিক ইতিহাসে সাম্প্রদায়িকতার বিকাশ কোনো আকস্মিক ঘটনার ফল নয়; ঔপনিবেশিক নীতি, রাজনৈতিক স্বার্থ, পরিচয়ভিত্তিক সংগঠন, সাংস্কৃতিক মেরুকরণ এবং নেতৃত্বের ধারাবাহিক ব্যর্থতার মধ্য দিয়ে তা ক্রমশ গভীর হয়েছে। ঊনবিংশ শতকের বৌদ্ধিক বিতর্ক থেকে শুরু করে মুসলিম লীগের উত্থান, বেঙ্গল প্যাক্ট, ১৯৪৬-এর কলকাতা ও নোয়াখালির দাঙ্গা এবং দেশভাগ—এই দীর্ঘ পর্ব বাংলার সামাজিক কাঠামোকে গভীরভাবে প্রভাবিত করে। স্বাধীনতার পরেও ভোটব্যাংক-কেন্দ্রিক রাজনীতি ও প্রশাসনিক পক্ষপাতের অভিযোগে সেই দ্বন্দ্ব নতুন রূপে অব্যাহত থাকে। এই ইতিহাসের মূল শিক্ষা—তুষ্টীকরণ নয়, সমান আইন, সাংস্কৃতিক আত্মবিশ্বাস ও নৈতিক শাসনের ভিত্তিতেই বহুত্ববাদী সমাজের স্থায়িত্ব সম্ভব।

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