Abstract
<jats:p>Causality in Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī between Kalām and Philosophy This study examines the concept of causality from a metaphysical perspective in the thought of Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī, one of the prominent representatives of the thirteenth century, a period in which kalam and philosophical thought were largely synthesized. It explores how Tūsīs views on Gods act of creating the world reflect both kalam and philosophical traces, how he evaluates both approaches through a critical lens, and the originality of the conclusions he reaches. In this context, all of Tūsīs Works -particularly Tajrīd al-aqāid, Sharh al-Ishārāt wal-tanbīhāt and Talkhīs al-Muhassal- have been examined. His views are interpreted in light of the intended purpose underlying the composition of his works. The concept of causality is discussed within the framework of ontology and theology. Within the scope of this research, several fundamental aspects of the problem of causality are addressed: the classification of beings that constitute the essence of the issue, the nature of the relationship established between necessary and possible existence, the position of quiddities in relation to the efficient cause, and the doctrine of emanation (sudur). Tūsīs analyses of the possibility of the many emanating from the One, as well as his evaluations concerning the problem of infinite regress (tasalsul), are also discussed. Furthermore, the role and function of the divine essence and attributes within the causal order, along with reflections of causality on various conceptions of God, are examined in relation to theological issues. Taking into account the criticisms directed at earlier approaches to the God-world relationship, Tūsī attempts to ascribe the eternal world to a volitional agent (al-fāil al-mukhtār). By considering divine will as a component of the complete cause (al-illa al-tamma), he grounds the eternity of the world in this will. He remains committed to the principle that only one proceeds from the One, explaining multiplicity in terms of aspects and relational considerations. His statements that the number of supralunar beings lacks certainty and should be understood symbolically represent a contribution to the doctrine of emanation. Moreover, he rejects the view that divine knowledge is the source of the necessity of emanation, placvii ing divine will at the center of his understanding of causality. In these respects, Tūsīs conception of causality may be considered an original example that interprets the God-world relationship through the lens of both necessity and will, combining philosophical heritage with kalamic sensibility. Keywords: Kalam; Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī; Causality; Cause; Effect</jats:p>