Abstract
<jats:p>Digital payment systems have become an important instrument for expanding access to financial services, reducing transaction costs, and enhancing economic efficiency. At the same time, however, they generate new challenges related to cybersecurity risks, data concentration, financial sovereignty, and the protection of human rights. This article examines digital payment systems through the methodological framework of Law and Economics, analyzing their institutional nature, their impact on economic security, and the necessity of appropriate legal regulation. The study finds that digital payment systems should be understood not merely as financial technologies but also as legal institutions that play a significant role in ensuring economic stability, data governance, and national security.</jats:p>