Bridging Academic Proficiency and Global Standards: A Comparative Linguistic Analysis of The China Scholastic Competency Assessment (CSCA) and PISA Frameworks, Aкадемик ур чадвар ба Глобаль стандартын уялдаа холбоо: Хятадын Сургалтын Чадварын Үнэлгээ (CSCA) and ПИСА-ийн агуулгын хүрээнд хэл зүйн талаас нь харьцуулсан шинжилгээ

<jats:p>The world education has highly increased the need for assessment frameworks that reliably measure learners’ linguistic comprehension for academic study across borders and disciplines. Global benchmarking tools are applied widely. The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) assess general literacy and functional competencies. The China Scholastic Competency Assessment (CSCA) evaluate academic Chinese language skills necessary for successful study in undergraduate programs taught in Chinese. Despite their growing global influence, few study examines whether the academic language concepts underlying these assessment frameworks are coherent or aligned. This study undertakes a comparative linguistic examination of the official CSCA 2025 syllabus and the PISA 2025 Foreign Language Assessment framework, informed by Cummins’ model of Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency and Weir’s socio cognitive approach to language testing. By examining the linguistic constructs, cognitive demands, and assessment design, the study shows that both tools share a strong overlap in how they assess higher order academic language skills. The CSCA emphasizes on discipline specific academic language in Chinese medium higher education. The PISA FLA focuses on functional multilingual literacy for global comparison. Even so, both frameworks assess similar aspects of cognitive academic language processing. The findings reveal that regional academic language assessments can align with international frameworks. They can do this without losing their disciplinary focus. This offers practical guidance for policymakers who want to connect local and global standards.</jats:p>