Development of a rocking bioreactor strategy to augment pro-angiogenic factor secretion by human adipose-derived stromal cells

<jats:p>Cell therapies involving human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) have shown promise for a range of clinical applications due to their ability to stimulate angiogenesis and dampen inflammation via paracrine mechanisms. However, a major barrier to the successful clinical translation of hASC-based therapies is that standard culture methods for expansion on rigid 2D tissue-culture polystyrene under static conditions diminish the pro-regenerative functionality of the cells. To address these limitations, the current project focused on the development of an in vitro bioreactor system for preconditioning hASCs to augment their capacity to stimulate regeneration through paracrine mechanisms. Specifically, the combined effects of decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) coatings, shear-stress stimulation, and varying oxygen tensions on hASC expansion and paracrine factor secretion were assessed. Additional studies were performed to characterize the effects of stimulating hASCs within the rocking bioreactor system using the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Expansion in the bioreactor under all conditions supported hASC growth with no observable morphological differences. However, dynamic culture on DAT coatings enhanced intracellular indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in hASCs cultured under 20% O2. Moreover, culturing under dynamic conditions and/or on DAT coatings significantly increased secretion of the pro-angiogenic factors VEGF, HGF, and angiogenin. When pro-inflammatory cytokine priming was introduced, the expression of all tested paracrine factors was enhanced, particularly the immunomodulatory factors IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. Overall, a novel bioreactor system was developed for hASC expansion and preconditioning, demonstrating that the cell microenvironment can be tuned to modulate hASC paracrine factor secretion.</jats:p>