Abstract
<jats:p>This study seeks to advance understanding of how ancient Hoabinhian communities engaged with the diversity of their environments, focusing on plant resource management and the role of plants in technological and subsistence strategies at the Laang Spean site, Cambodia. The methodological approach relies on phytolith assemblages recovered from sediments associated with micro-plant residues adhering to the lithic tools, interpreted using anatomical and histological knowledge of plant tissues. Phytolith extraction from nine stratigraphic layers revealed distinct differences between Hoabinhian contexts (Stratigraphical Unit=SU): the layer 9 contained mainly palm trees phytoliths, while layers 10 and 11 showed higher phytolith diversity and diagnostic grass forms. Besides the Monocots strong assemblage results between the two main periods studied, a diversity of phytolith arboreal taxa indicate broader plant use and environmental complexity during Hoabinhian occupations (consistent with the other archaeobotanical studies held on Hoabinhian archaeological sites in the region). Upon the nine lithics artefacts studied, only one has delivered micro-plant remains identified as leaf-culm part of Monocots (plants that do not produce wood), and most probably of bamboo origin. This multidisciplinary research aims to refine interpretations of Hoabinhian plant exploitation (subsistence and environmental context), and contributes to current debates on forest technologies in Southeast Asia.</jats:p>