Pharmacotherapy of Difficult-to-Treat Depression: Selection, Switching, Augmentation, and Escalation – Interview

<jats:p>After completing this activity, participants should be able to: Explain the conceptual distinction between treatment-resistant and difficult-to-treat depression, and assess how psychiatric comorbidities, substance use disorders, early adverse experience, and loss of antidepressant response inform a comprehensive, whole-person treatment plan. Apply a symptom-matched framework for selecting and sequencing first-line antidepressants, decide between switching and augmenting when initial response is insufficient, and compare adjunctive options. Identify appropriate candidates for interventional treatments.</jats:p>