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Abstract
<jats:p>This study examines the seasonal dynamics of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities in rainfed typical gray soils of a semi-arid foothill region. Soil samples collected during 2022–2024 from 0–15, 15–30, and 30–50 cm layers were analyzed in spring, summer, and autumn. Enzyme activities were found to be highest in spring and lowest in summer, showing strong dependence on soil moisture and hydrothermal conditions. The humification coefficient, calculated from the polyphenol oxidase to peroxidase activity ratio, reflected seasonal changes in humus formation and decomposition processes. The results demonstrate that the enzymatic status of these soils is shaped by their genetic properties and is sensitive to agrotechnical practices.</jats:p>