Abstract
<jats:p>What happens when an economy changes faster than its productivity foundations can support? Using Mongolia as a compelling case study, Productivity Insights Vol. 7-5, A Productivity-led Framework for Correcting Premature Structural Transitions in Resource-based Developing Economies: Evidence from Mongolia, examines the risks of premature structural leapfrogging from agriculture toward mining and services without sufficient industrial capacity, skills, technology, and institutional readiness. It highlights the resulting losses in manufacturing output, employment potential, domestic value creation, and long-term resilience. In response, the article introduces a practical, productivity-led correction framework centered on market access, technology, talent, business efficiency, inclusiveness, and foundational enablers. The findings offer timely policy lessons for resource-based developing economies seeking more competitive, diversified, sustainable growth.</jats:p>