ԱՐԴԱՐ ԴԱՏԱՔՆՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԻՐԱՎՈՒՆՔԻ ՍԱՀՄԱՆԱԴՐԱԿԱՆԱՑՈՒՄԸ. ՊԱՏՄԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԱԻՄԱՍՏԱՎՈՐՈՒՄԻՑ ՄԻՆՉԵՎ 21-ՐԴ ԴԱՐԻ ՄԱՐՏԱՀՐԱՎԵՐՆԵՐԸ / THE CONSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL: FROM HISTORICAL RECONCEPTION TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY

<jats:p>This article analyses the reconceptualisation of the right to a fair trial from a purely procedural matter into an independent constitutional principle. The study demonstrates that this transformation has been driven by historical experience, changes in the public perception of the right, the development of international law, and the establishment of international supervisory bodies. At the same time, the article argues that, as a dynamic and “open” institution, the right to a fair trial faces new challenges in the 21st century, including digitalisation, the growing use of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, the protection of personal data, and the strengthening of security agendas. The research shows that constitutional entrenchment alone is insufficient to ensure effective protection of the right to a fair trial. Effective protection is possible only if the judicial and constitutional mechanisms safeguarding this right are developed in parallel, including institutional guarantees of judicial independence, anti-corruption policies, conflict-of-interest prevention, and effective judicial oversight, which together ensure the vitality and practical enforcement of this right.</jats:p>