Beyond Procedural Status: Tata Kelola Perlindungan Kemanusiaan terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia Nonprosedural di Nusa Tenggara Timur

<jats:p>Studies on Indonesian migrant workers have predominantly focused on migration legality, placement governance, and human trafficking prevention, while the protection of non-procedural migrant workers is often regarded as an administrative issue. In reality, this group represents the most vulnerable category, facing various social, economic, and humanitarian risks. This study aims to analyze the protection practices implemented by the Indonesian Migrant Worker Protection Service Center (BP3MI) of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) for non-procedural Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) and to develop a conceptual model of these practices. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that from 2021 to 2026, BP3MI NTT managed 2,862 PMI protection cases, with approximately 93% involving non-procedural workers. Protection measures included emergency case handling, deportation assistance, repatriation of remains, family support, and inter-agency coordination. The study introduces the concept of “Beyond Procedural Status” as a Humanitarian Protection Governance model that prioritizes human vulnerability as the basis for state intervention beyond administrative status.</jats:p>