Abstract
<jats:p>Thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that allows direct visualization, diagnosis, and treatment of various thoracic disorders in small animal patients. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the indications, equipment, patient preparation, and operative techniques associated with thoracoscopy in dogs and cats. Thoracoscopic procedures such as partial pericardiectomy, thoracic duct ligation for chylothorax, and lung lobectomy have become routine alternatives to traditional thoracotomy, providing reduced postoperative pain, shorter recovery times, and improved visualization of intrathoracic structures. The paracostal, transdiaphragmatic, and intercostal approaches are described in detail, with emphasis on patient positioning, anesthesia management, and safe trocar placement. Common thoracoscopic findings include pleural effusion, pleural thickening, neoplasia, pneumothorax, and diaphragmatic hernia. Complications such as hemorrhage, pneumothorax, and organ injury remain rare when proper technique and visualization are maintained. Recent advances in thoracoscopic instrumentation, imaging, and perioperative management have significantly expanded its diagnostic and therapeutic applications in veterinary thoracic surgery, establishing thoracoscopy as an essential component of minimally invasive veterinary practice.</jats:p>