РАННЕЕ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ И РИСК-СТРАТИФИКАЦИЯ РЕФРАКЦИОННЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ДВУХЭТАПНОГО СКРИНИНГА В ЮНУСАБАДСКОМ И МИРЗО-УЛУГБЕКСКОМ РАЙОНАХ ТАШКЕНТА, EARLY DETECTION AND RISK STRATIFICATION OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: RESULTS FROM A TWO-STAGE SCREENING IN THE YUNUSABAD AND MIRZO-ULUGBEK DISTRICTS OF TASHKENT, МАКТАБГАЧА ЁШДАГИ БОЛАЛАРДА РЕФРАКЦИЯ БУЗИЛИШЛАРИНИ ЭРТА АНИҚЛАШ ВА ХАВФ БЎЙИЧА СТРАТИФИКАЦИЯ: ТОШКЕНТ ШАҲРИНИНГ ЮНУСОБОД ВА МИРЗО УЛУҒБЕК ТУМАНЛАРИДА ИККИ БОСҚИЧЛИ СКРИНИНГ НАТИЖАЛАРИ

<jats:p>Relevance. Refractive errors in preschool children are often asymptomatic, increase the risk of amblyopia, and impair school readiness; their timely detection requires an organized screening system with prompt referral for objective diagnostics and correction. Purpose of the study. To determine the prevalence and structure of ametropias and to assess the feasibility of a risk-oriented preventive model within the urban network of preschool educational institutions (PEIs). Material and methods. A prospective study was conducted in PEIs of two districts of Tashkent (January–August 2025). In the Yunusabad district, 284 children were examined (mean age 4.97 ± 0.86 years), and in the Mirzo-Ulugbek district, 116 children (mean age 5.82 ± 0.78 years). Visual acuity (VA) screening was performed with a referral threshold of VA &lt;0.8 in at least one eye. The extended diagnostic stage included autorefraction and prescription of optical correction; when indicated, ocular ultrasonography (B-mode) and OCT were performed. All parents completed a structured questionnaire, and a cumulative IRZ index (0–6) was calculated. Results and conclusion. A total of 400 children were examined (Yunusabad, 284; Mirzo-Ulugbek, 116). Among eyes with VA &lt;0.8, moderate reduction predominated: 54.8% of 126 eyes in Yunusabad and 71.0% of 31 in Mirzo-Ulugbek; marked and severe reductions were less common. Only 5/400 children (1.25%) had previously visited an ophthalmologist. According to the IRZ, 56.4% were at high risk, 36.8% at moderate risk, and 6.8% at low risk, with interdistrict differences in domain profiles. Clinical verification revealed high myopia in 2 children (0.5%) and clinically significantastigmatism in 4 (1.0%). The two-stage protocol proved feasible and practically valuable for the early detection of clinically significant ametropias and for risk-oriented prevention.</jats:p>