Երեխաների շրջանում բակտերիային ծագման հեմոկոլիտի ախտածագման, ախտորոշման եվ բուժման արդի խնդիրները (Գրականության ակնարկ)

<jats:p>According to WHO data, 1.7 billion cases of diarrheal diseases are recorded annually among children. In children under 5 years of age, diarrhea is the third leading cause of death, and in developing countries it remains one of the leading causes, particularly among infants younger than one year. In developed countries, the mortality rate is relatively lower. It is suggested that a significant proportion of deaths from pediatric diarrheal diseases is actually registered after discharge from hospital. A targeted analysis of international literature and clinical guidelines (WHO, CDC, IDSA, etc.) was conducted, covering the most common causative pathogens of bacterial hemocolitis, diagnostic methods (stool culture, PCR, immunochemical and immunochromatographic tests), and principles of etiotropic treatment. The main causative agents of acute intestinal infections (AII) presenting with bloody diarrhea include Shigella, Campylobacter, Clostridium difficile, shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and possibly Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica. Despite advances in molecular diagnostics, a substantial proportion of intestinal infections in children remain of unknown etiology, which complicates the selection of targeted therapy. Antibacterial therapy should be used with caution and preferably after confirmation of the causative pathogen, since in certain infections it may increase the risk of complications. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, and an inadequate IL-10 response may contribute to mucosal damage, prolonged inflammation, and a tendency toward mimicking inflammatory bowel disease or progression to chronicity. Effective management of bacterial hemocolitis in children requires the use of modern diagnostic methods, rational use of antibiotics, and evaluation of the host immune response, in which IL-10 may have prognostic significance.</jats:p>