Adaptation Mechanisms of Muslim Brotherhood’s Ideology in Europe. Fiqh al-aqalliyyāt

<jats:p>The first Muslim Brotherhood groups began settling in Europe during the latter half of the 20th century, coinciding with the first major wave of Muslim migration to the continent. This marked the first instance in the history of Islam where a significant number of Muslims found themselves living in non-Islamic societies. This situation gave rise to various questions encompassing matters such as the permissibility of Muslims residing in Europe and everyday domestic issues. The objective of this article is to explore the mechanisms employed by the Muslim Brotherhood to rationalize the presence of Muslims in Europe and to provide answers to these inquiries, while also examining how their ideology adapts to these new circumstances.</jats:p>