Abstract
<jats:p>At the turn of the fourth and fifth centuries, confronted with emerging threats, Armenian political thought formed a nationwide agenda for preserving the national statehood and spiritual authority recognizing the complete and final spread of Christianity and its transformation into the faith and core of Armenian identity as the means of solving this agenda. Historians of the fifth century portray the spread of Christianity in Armenia as a deeply disconsolate situation, explaining it by the lack of the Armenian translation of the Bible. In reality, there were far more serious obstacles that historians do not mention. During almost six centuries of independent statehood, a number of features shaped Armenian society: 1) linguistic unity, 2) commonality of national beliefs and religion, 3) absolute predominance of free population, 4) exceptional reverence for the art of war, together with the significant role and high prestige of the military estate in the society. This system of values, which formed the basis of national identity and a distinct worldview, made Armenian society persistently traditional, and thus a natural and serious obstacle to the establishment of a new religion.</jats:p>