Сравнительный анализ моделей когнитивного торможения: Часть 1. Модель построения смысловых структур М.А.Гернсбахер и модель забывания, вызванного извлечением, М.Андерсона, Comparative analysis of cognitive inhibition models: Part 1. M.A.Gernsbacher's Structure Building Framework and M.Anderson's mod-el of Retrieval-induced forgetting

<jats:p>Background. In various domains of cognitive psychology, several theoretical approaches have proposed the existence of specific mechanisms accounting for cognitive inhibition effects that arise when implicit competition between mental representations is resolved. However, despite substantial empirical support for each of these approaches, the very existence of cognitive inhibition mechanisms remains a matter of debate. The aim of this two-part study is to compare the theoretical assumptions and empirical findings associated with these approaches in order to address two questions: whether theories of cognitive inhibition retain their heuristic potential in explaining observed effects, and whether these theories can be integrated into a broader framework. Four approaches were selected for analysis. In the present article (Part 1), two of them are examined: M. A. Gernsbacher’s Structure Building Framework and M. C. Anderson and colleagues’ theory of retrieval-induced forgetting. Results. The Structure Building Theory was introduced to describe processes involved in language comprehension, particularly aimed at explaining mechanisms for ambiguity resolution. Within this approach, the selection of a specific meaning of ambiguous information is assumed to require the active suppression of rejected alternatives. The theory of retrieval-induced forgetting was developed to explain forgetting as a consequence of overcoming interference during memory retrieval. According to this approach, the selective retrieval of one of several competing representations from memory leads to the active suppression of the non-selected alternative representation. Conclusions. The theories are compared according to a common set of criteria: the main problem addressed by the theory, its empirical basis, its key assumptions, the empirical predictions derived from it, alternative interpretations, and critical arguments. The article also discusses methodological procedures proposed by researchers to test the relevant hypotheses and respond to criticism.</jats:p>