Սոցիալական փոխակերպումները և կազմակերպված աշխատավորության ձևավորումը Ալեքսանդրապոլում (XIX դ. վերջ - XX դ. սկիզբ)

<jats:p>The article is devoted to a comprehensive examination of the patterns of formation of the working class of Alexandropol Uyezd in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, their socio-legal status, and the problems of their organized struggle. The aim of the study is to identify the socio-economic preconditions for the formation of the working class, the impact of the environment, and the dynamics of the development of strike movements. The research is based on the application of comparative-historical and historical-analytical methods. The primary source base includes archival documents, official statistical data, and materials from the periodical press of the time. A comparative analysis of these sources makes it possible to reconstruct a comprehensive picture of the socio-economic reality of the period under study. Analysis: The study shows that the formation of the working class was largely conditioned by the intensification of migration processes and the development of railway con-struction. The article examines forms of labor organization, wage mechanisms, the impact of the contract system, as well as the specific features of working and living conditions. Particular attention is paid to the gradual rise of labor movements and the ideological influence of political forces upon them. Results: It is established that the difficult socio-economic conditions of the working class led to the intensification of strike movements and the formation of trade unions, although their effectiveness was limited by organiza-tional fragmentation and ideological divergences. At the same time, these processes laid the groundwork for the growth of workers’ self-awareness and the establishment of traditions of organized struggle.</jats:p>