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Abstract
<jats:p>Peste des Petits Ruminants is a significant transboundary viral disease of small ruminants requiring stable live vaccines for effective control. The aim of this study was to select an optimal stabilizing formulation for long-term preservation of a live attenuated vaccine based on the Nigeria 75/1 strain. Six protein–carbohydrate formulations differing in composition and concentration were evaluated. Vaccine samples were subjected to lyophilization, followed by assessment of infectious activity before and after freeze-drying. Stability was monitored during storage at +2–4 °C for 36 months, including infectious titer, residual moisture, reconstitution time, and physicochemical properties. Lyophilization caused a slight reduction in infectious titer within acceptable limits. Formulations No. 2, 5, and 6 demonstrated superior protective effects. The formulation containing 5% peptone and 3% sucrose was identified as optimal, ensuring minimal loss of viral activity (<0.50 lg). The vaccine maintained biological activity at ≥6.25 lg TCID50/mL, residual moisture of 2.95%, and reconstitution time within 60 s throughout storage. The results indicate a synergistic stabilizing effect of protein and carbohydrate components, enabling preservation of vaccine potency and supporting a three-year shelf life. Further studies should evaluate thermal stability and field efficacy.</jats:p>