Abstract
<jats:p>Molecular analysis of sheep pox is an important tool for the diagnosis and control of the disease. This viral infectious disease, caused by the sheep pox virus, belongs to the group of poxviruses and is characterized by the development of ulcerative lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplification, and sequencing enable accurate and rapid detection of the virus in tissue samples, skin scrapings, or blood of animals. These methods are distinguished by high sensitivity and specificity and are particularly suitable for diagnostics in cases where clinical signs may be similar to those of other diseases. The article discusses modern methods of molecular genetic diagnosis of sheep smallpox and their application in the epizootological conditions of Kazakhstan. Additionally, molecular analysis helps in the genetic characterization of the virus, identification of mutations, and the study of viral strains, which is essential for the development of vaccines and effective treatment methods. This approach also aids in the study of the disease’s epidemiology, as it allows for tracking the virus's spread among animal populations and identifying sources of infection. It is important to note that molecular research on sheep and goat pox plays a key role in preventing epidemics and minimizing economic losses in agriculture.</jats:p>