Гормонально-метаболические механизмы нарушений менструального цикла у подростков: современный взгляд на проблему, Hormonal and Metabolic Mechanisms of Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Adolescents: A Modern View of the Problem, O‘smirlarda hayz sikli buzilishlarining gormonal-metabolik mexanizmlari: muammoga zamonaviy yondashuv

<jats:p>Menstrual cycle disorders are among the most common gynecological problems in adolescent girls and represent an important risk factor for future reproductive health disorders. The aim of this review was to summarize current evidence on the hormonal and metabolic mechanisms involved in the development of menstrual dysfunction during adolescence. The review analyzes recent studies focusing on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperandrogenism, metabolic syndrome, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Current evidence indicates that endocrine and metabolic disturbances play a crucial role in the development of menstrual irregularities and may adversely affect future reproductive health. Special attention is given to emerging biomarkers, including anti-Müllerian hormone, leptin, adiponectin, kisspeptin, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Early diagnosis and prevention of hormonal and metabolic disorders are essential for preserving reproductive health in adolescents.</jats:p>