Rossiya imperiyasining Termiz va Surxon vohasidagi iqtisodiy siyosati: irrigatsiya, savdo va transport tizimining tarixiy rivojlanishi, The Economic Policy of the Russian Empire in Termez and the Surkhan Oasis: The Historical Development of Irrigation, Trade, and the Transport System, Экономическая политика Российской империи в Термезе и Сурхандарьинском оазисе: историческое развитие ирригации, торговли и транспортной системы

<jats:p>This article analyzes, on the basis of historical sources and archival materials, the economic policy implemented by the Russian Empire in Termez and the Surkhan Oasis during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study focuses on the expansion of the Empire’s cotton raw material base, the development of irrigation systems, the reclamation of the Sherabad Valley, the construction of the Zang Canal, the implementation of new irrigation projects, and their impact on the economic development of Termez and its surrounding territories. Particular attention is also paid to the activities of Ananyev and other Russian specialists, the operation of the Pattakesar Customs Office, the cotton trade, the development of transport and communications infrastructure, and the interrelationship among these factors and the region’s military-economic significance. The findings demonstrate that the economic policy of the Russian Empire was aimed not only at transforming agrarian relations, irrigation systems, and trade networks but also at strengthening the economic foundations of colonial administration in the region. The conclusions contribute to a deeper understanding of the economic development of Termez during the colonial period and the geo-economic strategy of the Russian Empire in Central Asia.</jats:p>