Իրան–Ռուսաստան  ռազմատեխնիկական համագործակցությունը Ալի Աքբար Հաշեմի Ռաֆսանջանիի նախագահության շրջանում.  պրագմատիզմ և ուժային հավասարակշռություն, Iran–Russia military-technical cooperation during the presidency of Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani: pragmatism and balance of power, Военно-техническое сотрудничество Ирана и России в период президентства Али Акбара Хашеми Рафсанджани: прагматизм и баланс сил

<jats:p>The study explores the evolution of military-technical cooperation between Iran and Russia during the presidency of Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (1989–1997), a crucial stage in Iran’s foreign policy and defense reconstruction. It examines the political and strategic foundations of bilateral cooperation, Russia’s role in the modernization of Iran’s military potential, and Rafsanjani’s pragmatic approach toward foreign policy realignment. The analysis draws upon both open and declassified sources, incorporating political, technological, and geopolitical dimensions. The methodological framework combines the perspectives of political realism, dependency and interdependence theory, and constructivism. This interdisciplinary approach allows for understanding how military and economic asymmetry transformed into a pragmatic, mutually beneficial partnership while preserving regional balance of power. Scientific novelty lies in conceptualizing Iran–Russia military-technical cooperation as a model of pragmatic interdependence, where realist calculations intertwine with the pursuit of technological autonomy and identity politics.  </jats:p>