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Abstract
<jats:p>The chapter looks at how rights-based climate litigation turns global climate goals into legally binding obligations that can be enforced through courts. By comparing key climate litigations in several jurisdictions such as the Netherlands, Urgenda Foundation v. State of The Netherlands, 2019, and Milieudefensie et al. v. Royal Dutch Shell plc., 2021, and in the United States: Juliana v. United States, 2020, and Held v. State of Montana, 2024, the chapter identifies common legal strategies that are spreading globally. These new legal developments are further supported by the International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion, 2025; the European Court of Human Rights' KlimaSeniorinnen judgment, 2024; and the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, 2024. The final section presents strategies for enhancing climate justice in developing states.</jats:p>