Abstract
<jats:p>With the rapid increase in urbanization, cities face numerous challenges in infrastructure, transportation, and public services. To address these issues, smart city applications have emerged, integrating information and communication technologies to promote sustainable and efficient urban management. This chapter examines the conceptual foundations of smart cities, focusing on technology-driven, human-centered, and critical approaches within the broader literature. Using a qualitative research design based on literature review, policy analysis, and case study evaluation, the study analyzes smart city strategies and applications in Türkiye. Particular attention is given to the initiatives of Antalya, Bursa, Konya, and Istanbul, assessing how these projects enhance service efficiency and support the evolving role of local governments. By identifying successes, challenges, and areas for improvement, the chapter contributes to a deeper understanding of how smart city applications can strengthen urban governance and inform the development of more sustainable and resilient city strategies.</jats:p>