Abstract
<jats:p>Blockchain technology is rapidly transforming the energy sector by enabling decentralized, peer-to-peer energy trading systems that challenge traditional regulatory models. This chapter critically examines the existing legal frameworks governing energy markets and explores how they must evolve to accommodate the unique demands of blockchain-based energy trading. It analyzes the key legal and policy challenges posed by decentralization, including jurisdictional complexities, consumer protection, data privacy, liability, and smart contract enforceability. With the emergence of prosumers—individuals who both produce and consume energy—the chapter delves into questions of legal status, licensing, and equitable grid access. It also discusses the implications of tokenized energy assets, the interoperability of technical and regulatory standards, and the legal recognition of consensus mechanisms used in blockchain systems.</jats:p>