Digitalization and Graphic Design From Lascaux to Artificial Intelligence

<jats:p>Although the term graphic design was first coined by typographer William A. Dwiggins in the early 20th century to define emerging professional practices, the origins of the discipline can be traced back to prehistoric times. Visual expressions such as those in the Lascaux Caves demonstrate that symbolic communication predates written language. Over centuries, graphic design evolved through major cultural and technological shifts, including the invention of writing, the development of typographic systems, the advent of the printing press, and the transformations brought by the Industrial Revolution. In the modern era, digitalization fundamentally redefined the field by enabling greater interactivity, flexibility, and creative experimentation. Today, artificial intelligence marks a new epistemological threshold, reshaping design methodologies, questioning authorship, and expanding the conceptual boundaries of visual communication.</jats:p>