Analisis Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia dalam Ekspor Udang Vannamei ke Amerika Serikat, Jepang dan Uni Eropa Periode 2015-2025

<jats:p>This study examines Indonesia's economic diplomacy in maintaining exports of Vannamei shrimp to the United States, Japan, and the European Union during the 2015–2025 period. The study argues that the shrimp trade is determined not only by fishery production but also by Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) regulations, traceability, trade remedy instruments, sustainability standards, and buyer-driven global value chains. Employing a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, the research reveals that each market exerts distinct regulatory pressures: the United States emphasizes trade remedies and risk-based food safety oversight; Japan prioritizes quality, food safety, and reputation; while the European Union focuses on SPS aspects, traceability, sustainability, and private standards. Indonesia has responded to these regulatory pressures through trade diplomacy, technical SPS diplomacy, commercial diplomacy, and the strengthening of domestic capacity. The findings indicate that while Indonesia has been relatively effective in maintaining market access, it has yet to optimize its position within the global shrimp value chain due to supply chain fragmentation, high compliance costs, weak traceability, and a reliance on key markets.</jats:p>