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Abstract
<jats:p>Статья посвящена вопросам пожарной безопасности объектов нефтегазодобывающей отрасли, отнесенных к категории опасных производственных объектов. Методом анализа иерархий на основе экспертного анкетирования специалистов нефтегазовой отрасли проведена многокритериальная оценка шести видов пожароопасных аварий по пяти критериям ущерба с формированием матриц попарных сравнений и вычислением интегральных показателей. Установлено, что наибольшим весом среди критериев обладает «социальный ущерб», а критическим инициирующим видом пожароопасной аварии является «разрушение технических устройств» с интегральным показателем 0,307. Полученные результаты применимы при проектировании систем противопожарной защиты, разработке планов тушения пожаров и приоритизации профилактических противопожарных мероприятий на нефтегазодобывающих предприятиях, в том числе расположенных в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации.</jats:p> <jats:p>The oil and gas production sector represents one of the most hazardous industrial domains due to the continuous handling of flammable hydrocarbons under extreme pressures. As conventional onshore reserves deplete and Arctic exploration expands, the importance of scientifically grounded accident prevention frameworks grows substantially. This paper addresses the problem of identifying the most critical fire-hazardous accident type at oil and gas production facilities through a structured multi-criteria approach. The authors employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) developed by Thomas Saaty, constructing a three-level hierarchical model. The first level defines the research objective, the second level comprises five damage assessment criteria – economic damage, environmental damage, direct losses, social damage, and localization costs – and the third level includes six accident types: destruction of technical devices, oil-containing liquid spills, blowouts, explosions and fires, collapse of drilling derricks, and failure of travelling block systems. A panel of twelve industry specialists performed pairwise comparisons using a nine-point scale, and consistency ratios for all matrices remained within the acceptable 10% threshold. The weighting of criteria revealed that social damage carries the highest priority at 55.2%, reflecting the paramount importance of human life in industrial risk assessment. Subsequent synthesis of weighted priority vectors produced integral damage indices for all six accident types. Destruction of technical devices received the highest index of 0.307 and was identified as the critical initiating accident type. The authors explain this result through the physics of sudden depressurization: high-pressure equipment failures cause instantaneous hydrocarbon releases, explosive vapor cloud formation, and cascade “domino” effects, all amplified under Arctic conditions where fire fighting capabilities are severely limited. The findings provide a practical foundation for risk-based maintenance programs, emergency response planning, and prioritization of fire protection investments at oil and gas production enterprises.</jats:p>