МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ НАГРЕВА ПРИ ПОЖАРЕ СТАЛЬНОГО ТЕПЛОИЗОЛИРОВАННОГО РЕЗЕРВУАРА С ЖИДКИМ ТОПЛИВОМ

<jats:p>Описаны механизмы, определяющие нагрев резервуаров с теплоизоляцией и без нее. Проанализированы исследования по математическому моделированию нагрева резервуаров при пожарах. Рассмотрены различные сценарии воздействия лучистых и конвективных тепловых потоков на стенки резервуаров и горючую жидкость, хранящуюся в них. Акцентировано внимание на необходимости корректного определения коэффициентов теплоотдачи при моделировании тепломассопереноса. Предложена математическая модель расчета прогрева резервуара, реализующая один из возможных вариантов воздействия на него пожара.</jats:p> <jats:p>The design features of tanks with thermal insulation are considered. In the event of a fire in a warehouse with oil and petroleum products, there may be combustion in the tank itself, leakage of petroleum products from the tank, spillage and combustion in the banking, simultaneous combustion of petroleum products in the tank and in the banking. The mechanisms of heating the tank structures are described – the effect of radiant heat fluxes from the fire source or direct flame washing of the tank walls. When the tank structures are heated, there is a risk of self-ignition of petroleum product vapors, intensification of heat and mass transfer processes, which leads to an increase in the temperature of the petroleum product, a decrease in the strength of the tank materials, and its destruction, boiling, and release of petroleum products. The article analyzes and describes approaches to mathematical modeling of the heating process of tank structures, which should take into account the following factors: the effect of external thermal radiation on the tank shell; the heat exchange between the external shell and the atmosphere; the thermal conductivity of the tank side and roof; the heat exchange between the internal part of the tank shell and the petroleum product and the air-steam mixture; the heat exchange between the air-steam mixture and the liquid phase of the petroleum product; the evaporation of the petroleum product; and the flow of the air-steam mixture through the valves and the petroleum product itself through the opening. A mathematical model based on the use of the Navier-Stokes equations is proposed to describe the heating of the tank. The heating of the tank wall is calculated as a result of solving the equation of unsteady thermal conductivity.</jats:p>