Abstract
<jats:p>A theoretical generalization and methodological substantiation of the foundations for studying the demand for money and the financial behavior of households in the international economy have been carried out, taking into account the influence of macroeconomic, institutional, behavioral, and digital factors on the financial decisions of the population. The relevance of the topic is driven by the transformation of the global financial environment, heightened economic uncertainty, the digitalization of financial services, changes in saving, consumption, and investment patterns, as well as the growing role of behavioral determinants in shaping the demand for money. The economic content of the categories “demand for money” and “financial behavior of households” is clarified, and they are proposed to be considered as interrelated elements of a single system of financial decisions made by the population. The main theoretical approaches to their study are systematized, including monetary, behavioral, institutional, and digital approaches, and the feasibility of their integrated application is substantiated. It is determined that the modern structure of the demand for money is shaped not only by income, prices, and interest rates but also depends on the level of financial literacy, inflationary expectations, trust in financial institutions, digital inclusion, risk perception, and household adaptation strategies. Methodological guidelines for a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between money demand and household financial practices are substantiated, involving the use of interdisciplinary tools, the combination of general scientific, economic-statistical, behavioral, and institutional methods, as well as the consideration of crisis, war, and inflationary shocks. A study of the demand for money in the international economy is proposed to be conducted through a multi-level analytical model encompassing macroeconomic, institutional, behavioral, digital, and adaptive components. It is demonstrated that a comprehensive approach allows for a deeper explanation of the heterogeneity of household financial behavior, improves the quality of scientific analysis, and creates a basis for improving monetary, social, and financial policies in the context of globalization and growing economic instability.</jats:p>