Data on ionospheric hole and extreme gradients during the May 2024 superstorm

<jats:p>A research dataset documenting the formation of a large-scale ionospheric hole and extreme gradients over South America in May 2024. It contains processed VTEC maps and in-situ measurements from the Swarm satellite missions conducted during extreme geomagnetic activity. The data support the analysis of rapid ionospheric structure changes under storm conditions.</jats:p>