Psychological and pedagogical determinants of the organization of independent work of engineering students in the electronic information and educational environment of a digital university: a theoretical analysis

<jats:p>The chapter notes that the transformation of higher education and the transition to the digital university model highlight the relevance of organizing independent work for students, particularly those in engineering disciplines, when learning a foreign language within the electronic information and educational environment (EIEE). Based on a theoretical analysis of scientific literature, key factors influencing independent work in a digital environment have been identified. It is established that psychological determinants include academic self-regulation, the motivational-volitional sphere, cognitive styles, language anxiety, and digital competence. Pedagogical determinants encompass modular design and microlearning, pedagogical support (scaffolding), critical integration of artificial intelligence tools, formative assessment, and gamification. A theoretical model for organizing independent work has been developed, comprising motivational-goal, content-operational, communicative-collaborative, and evaluative-reflexive components. The study concludes that the technological infrastructure of the EIEE requires specific pedagogical design and consideration of the psychological characteristics of engineering students. The findings of the study can be applied in the design of educational programs, the development of teaching materials, and the creation of support systems for independent work in digital universities.</jats:p>