Governments as Adopters and Regulators of AI: A Challenge for Democracy?

<p>This paper explores the dual role of governments as both adopters and regulators of artificial intelligence (AI), focusing on the implications for democratic governance. As AI technologies become increasingly embedded in public administration – from policymaking to service delivery – they offer opportunities for improving efficiency and personalization but also raise concerns about transparency, accountability, and fairness. To deal with these questions, this paper examines how AI is framed as a policy problem, the regulatory approaches adopted in different political systems, and the politicization of AI governance. It also analyzes the democratic risks posed by algorithmic decision-making, polarization, and corporate concentration of power, while highlighting the potential of AI to enhance democratic quality through improved public services, inclusive discourse, and citizen engagement. The paper concludes by identifying key areas for future research, including legitimacy, trust, regulatory design, and equity in AI governance.</p>