Abstract
<p>This article examines Alberto Guerreiro Ramos’s contributions to understanding the dilemmas and prospects of Brazilian economic development, em-phasizing the originality and relevance of his thought. The methodological approach is based on a bibliographic review, aiming to identifying the State of the Art on the subject. The analysis is structured around four axes: i) biographical context, ii) theoretical-methodological foundations, iii) critiques of structural obstacles, and iv) proposals for a national-developmental project in Brazil. The study concludes that Guerreiro Ramos’s work rep-resents a landmark in Critical Sociology and Sociology of Development, in Brazil and should be further explored in contemporary economic studies.</p>