Abstract
<p>Psychological research on sexual minorities, gender minorities, and intersex people is disproportionately Western, constraining theory, measurement, and intervention. Understanding sexuality, gender diversity, and variations in sex characteristics requires global collaboration and inclusion. We review cross-national evidence that shows that culturally specific identities (e.g., hijra, travesti, Two-Spirit, Sistergirls and Brotherboys) challenge binary models of sex and gender, and that links among attraction, behavior, and identity vary by context. Analyses of anti-LGBTIQA+ prejudice also indicate that its predictors are not universal: religiosity, gender norms, and nationalism differentially map onto bias across regions. Minority stressors span legal to interpersonal levels, yet the health effects of policy change are heterogeneous, underscoring the need for a concerted global push toward understanding health disparities between LGBTIQA+ and cisgender heterosexual endosex people. In making this case, we synthesize evidence on disclosure, well-being, and collective action, highlighting adaptations that emerge under moderate versus high stigma. Finally, we call for research that centers equitable partnerships, culturally portable measures, and policy-relevant designs to build a scientifically accurate global psychology of sexuality, sex, and gender.</p>