Abstract
<jats:p>The growing awareness of the important role of alluvial sediment in water resources management has accentuated the need for better and more consistent information, yet such information still lags. In the Nile Basin, the problem of sediment management represents quite a challenge. In this paper, brief information on sediment transport and watershed management is reported. The difficulties and constraints in this field are reflected and discussed. Comments on sediment modelling in general and on the Nile Basin in particular are highlighted. Among several sediment modelling software packages, the SMS model has been selected for data analysis in the Nile Basin. The experience of Sudan/South Sudan (67% of the Nile Basin area-wise) in sediment management, which is very rich, is examined and explained. Management of sediment should work with nature, not against it, for ecological and economic sustainability. The paper concludes that sediment supply, transport and deposition are spatially and temporally variable; therefore, integrated sediment transport management in the Nile Basin requires a policy aimed at decreasing the adverse impacts of sedimentation for both U/S and D/S countries across the entire basin.</jats:p>