Baseline Analysis of Key Environmental Components in the Construction Zone of the Banja Luka–Belgrade Highway, Rača–Bijeljina Section

<jats:p>This paper presents an analysis of the baseline conditions of key environmental components in the area affected by the construction of the Rača–Bijeljina highway section. The focus is placed on assessing the potential impacts of construction activities on air quality and noise levels in residential zones located in the immediate vicinity of the planned route. The objective of the study is to determine the current level of environmental pollution, identify potential ecological risks, and propose mitigation measures based on field monitoring and data analysis. Monitoring was conducted in accordance with relevant BAS EN standards, using modern measuring equipment and standardized methodologies at several representative locations along the route. The analysis encompasses air quality parameters (SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, PM₁₀) and indicators of acoustic pollution (Leq, L10, L1). The study highlights the necessity of consistent implementation of preventive measures and the integration of sustainable development principles and adaptive management as essential mechanisms for preserving ecological balance and minimizing long-term adverse effects. The research results provide a foundation for more effective planning and implementation of environmental protection measures within large-scale infrastructure projects.</jats:p>