The system of creating a landscape painting in the work of I. I. Shishkin: from sketch to finished artwork

<jats:p>The research aims to determine the staged process of working on paintings by the landscape artist I. I. Shishkin (1832-1898). The article examines preparatory materials (drawings, sketches, studies) that guided the artist toward a completed artwork. New data are introduced confirming the systematic nature of the artist’s painting process and his focus on mastering nature through plein-air sketches and oil studies. The scientific novelty of the research lies in presenting the system of landscape painting creation by I. I. Shishkin and his individual painting technique, supported by the results of technical and technological (X-ray) analyses. As a result, the contribution of the landscape painter I. I. Shishkin to the development of methodological techniques for working on a painting – which remain significant for the contemporary pedagogical system of art education – is clearly demonstrated.</jats:p>