ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ВИКЛИКИ ТРУДОВОЇ ЕМІГРАЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ, TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF LABOR EMIGRATION IN UKRAINE DURING THE WAR

<jats:p>Introduction. The study of labor emigration from Ukraine under wartime conditions is an important scientific and practical task, as migration processes significantly affect the labor market, demographic situation, human capital formation, and the prospects for the country's post-war recovery. The purpose of the article. Therefore the purpose of the article is to identify the main factors, trends, structure, and consequences of labor emigration from Ukraine under the current conditions of martial law. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is formed by general scientific and special research methods. The paper employs a systemic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and statistical analysis, which made it possible to investigate the current state of international labor migration of Ukrainians, assess its scale, geographical structure, and impact on the country's socio-economic development. Results. The study reveals that the war has become the key factor driving migration processes and has significantly transformed their nature. The main recipient countries of Ukrainian labor migrants are identified, while the sectoral structure of employment and the characteristics of migrants’ gender and age composition are analyzed. The positive effects of labor migration are highlighted, including remittance inflows, improved household welfare, and the acquisition of new professional skills and experience. At the same time, the study identifies negative consequences associated with labor shortages, demographic losses, and the outflow of highly qualified personnel. Conclusions. It is substantiated that labor emigration has a complex impact on the economic and social development of Ukraine. An effective state policy in the fields of employment, human capital development, and the encouragement of migrant return is an important prerequisite for minimizing the negative consequences of migration and ensuring the country's sustainable development.</jats:p>