Abstract
<jats:p>Biochar is a renewable carbon material with tunable surface properties that make it a promising support for enzyme immobilization. In this study, bamboo-derived biochars produced at 300, 400, 500, and 600 °C were evaluated as supports for the immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) and applied to the enzymatic polycondensation of dimethyl adipate and 1,8-octanediol. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties was investigated by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature promoted carbonization, aromatization, and pore development, leading to a marked increase in surface area and CaLB immobilization efficiency. However, higher enzyme loading did not result in better catalytic performance. The biochar produced at 400 °C (B400) showed the best overall performance, producing the highest polyester number-average molecular weight (Mn ≈ 11 kDa) while achieving approximately 97% monomer conversion. In addition, B400 exhibited the highest operational stability over five consecutive reaction cycles. The improved performance was attributed to its balanced combination of surface chemistry, accessible porosity, and enzyme-support interactions, which favored enzyme immobilization while preserving catalytic accessibility. This work highlights that tailoring biochar properties through controlled pyrolysis provides an effective strategy for developing renewable and low-cost alternatives to conventional petroleum-derived supports for enzymatic polymerization.</jats:p>