Abstract
<jats:p>The development of the nursing system in Croatia is linked to a long historical trajectory of institutional formation and professional organization. The first organized nursing structures emerged as early as 1929, marking the initial steps toward the systematic provision of nursing care. Following 1992, a period of professional reconstruction ensued, associated with broader sociopolitical transformations within the country. In 2003, the nursing council was established, institutionalizing a central body for the regulation and representation of the profession. In parallel, during the period 1999–2010, educational programs aligned with European Union standards were developed, and the existence of different levels of nursing qualifications was formally recognized, leading to greater differentiation of competencies and professional roles. In the contemporary context, the nursing profession in Croatia faces significant challenges. One of the most serious relates to the large-scale migration of nurses to countries such as Germany, Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland, a trend that weakens the national health system and intensifies workforce shortages. At the same time, ambiguity is observed in the linkage between educational qualifications and professional roles, creating difficulties both for professional identity and for the effective utilization of nurses’ competencies. Additionally, challenges in coordination among the Ministries of Health, Education, and Labour are identified, affecting the coherence of health workforce policy. Available statistical data illustrate the composition of the country’s nursing workforce. Approximately 42,000 nurses are currently employed, of whom 25,000 hold basic qualifications, 13,000 possess undergraduate-level degrees, and 4,000 hold higher-level qualifications. Around 10% of the nursing workforce holds a Master’s degree, a proportion considered relatively high compared to many other countries. However, it is noted that these qualifications are not adequately recognized in professional practice or career advancement. Particular reference is made to the participation of the nursing profession in policy development. A formally appointed nursing representative exists within Parliament, a factor that strengthens the institutional presence of the profession in public discourse. At the same time, the role of the President of the Nursing Council is associated with the need for continuous cooperation with state authorities and society, in order to ensure effective representation and the advancement of professional issues. In conclusion, the nursing system in Croatia is characterized by significant institutional development and a highly educated workforce, while simultaneously confronting challenges related to migration, recognition of qualifications, and intersectoral coordination. Strengthening political participation and improving the utilization of nurses’ scientific capital emerge as critical prerequisites for the sustainability and further development of the profession.</jats:p>