Physical activity patterns in adults taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: an <i>All of Us</i> cross-sectional study

<jats:p>&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is an effective pharmacotherapy for obesity and diabetes care, but physical activity patterns among adults taking this class of medications have not been well described. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize physical activity patterns in U.S. adults taking GLP-1RA and identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with low activity levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods: &lt;/b&gt;We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the NIH &lt;i&gt;All of Us&lt;/i&gt; Research Program (2018-2022). Adults aged ≥18 years who were taking GLP-1RA and had valid fitness tracker data were included. Outcomes of interest were daily total and moderate-vigorous physical activity time, step count, and sedentary time. Covariates included age, gender, race, education, income, diabetes status, and GLP-1RA type.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Among 298 participants (mean±SD age 52.6±12.6 years), daily total physical activity time was 204±76 minutes, including 24±21 minutes of moderate-vigorous activity. Over half (57.7%) did not meet the recommended ≥150 minutes/week of moderate-vigorous activity. Mean step count/day was 5944±2699 steps and sedentary time/day was 947±189 minutes. Injectable semaglutide was associated with higher physical activity while older age, female gender, lower income, and diabetes were associated with less activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/b&gt;The&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;majority of adults taking GLP-1RA did not meet recommended levels of physical activity. Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to promote physical activity among adults taking GLP-1RA while suggesting a beneficial relationship between semaglutide and a more active lifestyle, which will need to be explored in future studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Article Highlights&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;· &lt;b&gt;Why did we undertake this study?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is an effective pharmacotherapy for obesity and diabetes care, but physical activity patterns among adults taking GLP-1RAs have not been well described.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;· &lt;b&gt;What is the specific question(s) we wanted to answer?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;Our study aimed to characterize physical activity patterns among U.S. adults taking GLP-1RA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;· &lt;b&gt;What did we find?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;We found that the majority of adults taking GLP-1RA did not meet the recommended physical activity thresholds, but notably, the use of injectable semaglutide, compared to other GLP-1RA types, was associated with higher daily duration of physical activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;· &lt;b&gt;What are the implications of our findings?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to promote physical activity in this population while suggesting a beneficial relationship between semaglutide and a more active lifestyle.&lt;/p&gt;</jats:p>