Abstract
<jats:p>Breastfeeding mothers and their babies remain substantially underrepresented in pharmacology research despite increasing recognition of the need for evidence-based medication guidance during breastfeeding. Historical exclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding mothers from clinical research has contributed to persistent evidence gaps, inconsistent medication cancelling, and widespread uncertainty regarding infant safety during maternal medication use. These challenges are amplified among culturally diverse and historically marginalized communities where mistrust toward healthcare systems and biomedical research may further limit participation in lactation pharmacology studies. This review examines the scientific, ethical, sociocultural, and community engagement dimensions of building credibility and trust in lactation pharmacology research. The review explores historical drivers of exclusion, determinants of trust, ethical considerations, culturally responsive communication, and equitable recruitment strategies. Particular attention is given to participatory research approaches, community engagement, informed consent practices, and culturally appropriate communication models that have emerged from African maternal pharmacology research. Building credibility in lactation pharmacology requires more than scientific rigor; it requires transparency, inclusive governance, sustained community partnerships, and culturally grounded engagement approaches. Integrating credibility and trust-centered strategies into lactation pharmacology research may improve participant recruitment, retention, evidence translation, and equitable maternal and child health outcomes globally.</jats:p>