Abstract
<jats:p>Fine art during the modernist era developed on the sociocultural ground laid by the philosophical movements and figures of the 19th century, while simultaneously overtaking or moving alongside new German philosophers such as K. T. Jaspers. Thus, analyzing the relationship between fine art and philosophical ideas in the cultural milieu of modernism is a crucial task for researchers of modernist artistic movements. Despite the existence of publications related to this topic in the past, there is a need to update this information for the current context. The novelty lies in identifying the role of prominent philosophical theories of the early 20th century, aswell as new and interdisciplinary sources, in the development of Expressionism, which revealed the human inner world, revealing its dark and disturbing underbelly. The purpose of the following study is to identify the preconditions for the formation of artistic movements in modernist fine art based on the views and ideas of contemporary philosophers. This research opens a new perspective for interpreting the mutual influence of philosophy and fine art in the sociocultural environment of the first half of the 20th century. The results obtained form the basis for an interdisciplinary cultural study of modernist fine art.</jats:p>