Quercetin and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (narrative review), Кверцетин і серцево-судинні захворювання при цукровому діабеті 2-го типу (наративний огляд)

<jats:p>The main factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the synergistic interaction between oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia and low-grade chronic inflammation. Metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and epigenetic reprogramming interact and cause the activation of oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation cascades. Secondary metabolites of plant origin, especially flavonoids, unlike traditional synthetic drugs with narrow-targeted action, demonstrate a synergistic effect on several biological targets. They are capable of simultaneously modulating a number of key pathophy­siological processes, which contributes to the restoration of redox balance and suppression of inflammatory reactions. As a result, this contributes to improved vascular function and slows down the development of CVD in T2DM. Despite promising experimental results indicating the potentially positive effect of quercetin on the cardiovascular system in T2DM, clinical trial data remain controversial. This is mainly due to the limited number of randomized clinical trials aimed at studying the effects of flavonoids and their derivatives. In view of this, it is necessary to conduct randomized clinical trials with a more sophisticated design and an expanded sample size, which will allow testing different concentrations of quercetin. This approach will contribute to a deeper understanding of its therapeutic potential in the treatment of CVD in patients with T2DM. The main objective of the review is to analyze the role of quercetin in the treatment of CVD in patients with T2DM. In addition, current trends are highlighted, and promising directions for future research in this area are identified. The search was conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect (from Elsevier), and PubMed, including MEDLINE databases. The keywords “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “cardiovascular disease”, and “quercetin” were used. To identify research results that could not be found during the online search, a manual search of the bibliography of publications was used.</jats:p>